Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform: 2014-03-16

What new political ideologies developed from ca. 1750-1900?

New political theories continuously were developed and put to use as new nation-states and governments arose amid revolutions and reform. Nationalism, a belief in the importance of one's nation, became evident in nation-building that occured in Brazil, Russia, Italy, and Germany, as well as other states. The use of a republic, as seen around the time of the French Revolution, was another form of government employed. Liberalism, the focus on liberty and equality, was employed in emerging nations such as the United States. Conservatism was yet another political ideology that emphasized continuation of traditional organization and went against change in order. From 1750-1900, political organization was altered through new ideologies that began to develop, and in turn new systems of government grew and thrived.
Smith, Bonnie G., Richard Von Glahn, and Kris E. Lane. Crossroads and Cultures: A History of the World's Peoples. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. Print.

The Third French Republic symbol

Source for photo: http://countries.wikia.com/wiki/Third_French_Republic

What was the relationship between nationalism and anti-colonialism?

Nationalism and anti-colonialism are very closely knit in the sense that they were both helped lead to revolutions and each one stimulated the other. The unity of culture and tradition created a sense of nationalism (a pride in their own history and tradition) among the people and motivated them to break away from their mother countries and form their own governments under their own laws. In the same way, anti-colonialism also sometimes spawned nationalism. Anti-colonialists pointed out the flaws in the governance of the mother countries (Portugal, Spain, France, Britain) and helped inspire others to think that they themselves could do a better job than the distant rulers who shared neither their history nor their objectives. In this way, nationalism and anti-colonialism were united in revolution and helped each other thrive in the new governments formed in former colonies.

https://www.msu.edu/user/hillrr/161lec16_files/image008.jpg

Smith, Bonnie G., Richard Von Glahn, and Kris E. Lane. Crossroads and Cultures: A History of the World's Peoples. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. Print.

How did religion influence nationalism?

Nationalism, defined as the belief in the importance of one's nation, was somewhat negatively affected by religion. People in countries with different religions found themselves further divided by their religious beliefs. As nationalism attempted to further unite citizens in a country, it became more difficult to unify people with contrasting religious beliefs. The struggle to fully unite people of a country was evident with rebellions such as the Taiping rebellion and the Ghost Dance. The Taiping rebellion occurred between the Qing government and Christian rebels led by a leader who referred to himself as a brother to Jesus, chosen by god to overthrow the existing Qing government. This rebellion went against the attempt for nationalism by further dividing China amongst itself. The Ghost Dance was a spiritual movement by Native Americans in the United States. The Native Americans began to envision reverting to their old ways without superiority of the oppressive Europeans. This was yet another event that contrasted the goal of uniting people of a country through nationalism.
Below: the Taiping Rebellion

Source for photo:
http://taipingrebellion.com/north.htm

Source:

Gloria, Young A. "GHOST DANCE." GHOST DANCE. Oklahoma Historical Society, n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2014.

"The Taiping Rebellion 1850-1871 Tai Ping Tian Guo." The Taiping Rebellion 1850-1871 Tai Ping Tian Guo. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.